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脫髮、長胖、都因熬夜!老外說一天睡5小時就夠,到底多久對?

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南京英孚青少兒英語於2002年成立,16年來深耕南京。專註3-18歲孩子英語教育,英語啟蒙、英文閱讀興趣、考試學習、出國留學來英孚就夠了。我們的運行及管理遵照EF全球統一模式。50年專業英語教育經驗值得信賴,關注英語,關注孩子。

3月21日是世界睡眠日,大家都幾點睡覺?熬夜了沒?

據報導——


我國有近3億人正被失眠困擾。

我國城市居民過24點不睡覺,原因依次是上網看微信聊天、玩遊戲、看影視劇、工作加班、應酬及朋友聚會。

看到這個新聞報導,心裡默默盤算了下...自己晚上睡前也是抱著個手機不撒手,總是「不捨得睡覺」。

不知道你是不是也有同感——


白天上班忙碌,工作之餘完全沒有自己的閑暇時間;只能在下班回家後,用熬夜的那幾個小時做自己想做的事。

睡得晚,起得早,用減少的睡眠時間換來無人打擾、自由自在的網上衝浪時間;

或者補一補最近落下的各種劇、綜藝、電影……

對於這種情況,網友稱之為「報復性熬夜」。明知熬夜的危害,卻還堅持熬夜。

有「報復性熬夜」,也有真正失眠的人。3月21日世界睡眠日最新出爐的調查顯示——


中國有近三億人有睡眠障礙,成年人的失眠發生率高達38.2%。

你是不是也有躺在床上烙了好幾張餅就是睡不著的時候?

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看到「熬夜」這個話題,英大想起了前年有個博主在微博說——


因為生活不規律+長期熬夜+缺少運動,導致自己突然腦出血,而差點去世。

圖片來源:@卡卡Prancil

不管是出於什麼原因,熬夜不僅會影響一個人的健康,更重要的是還容易讓人發胖!

如果長期睡不飽,就容易產生以下危害。

危害1:免疫力下降

Our immune systems are inextricably linked to a predisposed sleep and wake cycle – the circadian rhythm.

我們的免疫系統和睡眠覺醒周期,或生理節律,密切相關。

In its 「natural」 state, our circadian rhythm is programmed for 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark; when this internal body clock is toyed with, our immune system suffers.

在自然狀態下,我們的生理節律是12小時白天,12小時夜晚。如果不認真對待我們體內的生物鐘,我們的免疫系統就要遭罪了。

危害2:影響大腦健康

Scientists at Aachen University in Germany administered brain scans of 59 people categorized into three groups: 16 early risers, 23 night owls, 20 and 「intermediates.」

德國亞琛大學的科學家對59人進行了腦部掃描。這些人可以分為三類:16個是早起的人,23個是夜貓子,另外20人介於之間。

Analyzing the scan results, scientists concluded that night owls possessed less 「white matter integrity」 in various areas of the brain.

通過分析掃描結果,科學家得出結論,夜貓子大腦各個區域的白質完整性更低。

「White matter」 in the brain is a fatty tissue that facilitates communication between neurons; how the brain sends signals various areas of the body to turn 「on」 or 「off.」

大腦白質是一種脂肪組織,它可以促進神經元之間的交流

Disproportionate levels of white matter suppress the brain』s ability to transmit signals these across the brain and body. To date, abnormal white matter levels have been linked to depression and impaired cognitive function.

不成比例的白質會抑製大腦和身體間傳輸信息的能力。迄今為止,白質異常水準與抑鬱和認知功能受損有關。

危害3:影響飲食習慣

Oh, and besides having a weakened immune system and potentially unhealthy brain, us night owls stuff our faces more too.

除了免疫力下降和潛在的大腦健康問題之外,熬夜還會導致發胖

Dr. Phylliss Zee states: 「When sleep and eating are not aligned with the body』s internal clock, it can lead to changes in appetite and metabolism, which could lead to weight gain.」

Phylliss Zee博士說道,「如果睡眠和飲食與身體的生物鐘不協調,就會導致胃口和新陳代謝的改變,從而導致體重增加。」

以下是Phylliss Zee博士的具體發現,夜貓子(night owls):


– Ate 248 more calories throughout the day.

一天攝入超過248卡路裡。

– Consumed twice as much fast food.

消耗掉多達兩倍的快餐。

– Ate half as much fruits and vegetables.

攝入少於一半的水果蔬菜。

– Drank more full-calorie soda.

喝更多充滿卡路裡的蘇打飲料。

– Had a higher body mass index (BMI), a measure of body weight.

身體質量指數(一種體重的計量方式)更高。

(所以,熬夜會長胖真不是騙人的!)

TED做過一個實驗——


一個高中生連續11天不睡覺,想看看會發生什麼

17歲的男生2天不睡覺,他的眼睛就不聚焦了。之後,還失去了觸摸鑒別事物的能力。

實驗結束後,他的短期記憶力出現了問題,人也變得偏執,開始出現幻覺

對有些人來說,長期不睡覺或睡眠嚴重不足,會導致激素分泌失衡、疾病,甚至死亡。

正常來說,成年人需要7-8個小時的睡眠時間,青少年則需要10個小時

大家算算,你平時睡眠時間一般是幾個小時。

可是,最近國外有這麼一種說法——


Million People Agree – Sleeping for 5 Hours is Better Than 8

睡5個小時比睡8個小時效果更好!

(熬夜黨似乎有了理論支撐了?!)

A study out of UCSD paints a different story. The 2010 paper instead suggests that the secret to a long life lies in getting just enough sleep, which ends up being about 6.5 hours per night.

加州大學聖地亞哥分校的研究在這個問題上給了我們一個完全不同的答案。這份2010年的論文反而認為,長壽的秘密就在於擁有剛剛足夠的睡眠時間,也就是每晚6.5小時

The study looks at 1.1 million people』s sleep patterns over the course of 6 years, tracking the amount of sleep each subject averaged alongside their longevity. Its major finding: Sleeping as little as 5 hours per night can be better for you than sleeping 8.

這次研究調查了110萬人六年中的睡眠模式,追蹤每個受試者的平均睡眠時間和壽命情況。 研究的主要發現是:每晚睡5個小時比睡8個小時更好

這項調查還闡述了良好睡眠的好處——

The mental benefits

精神上的好處

  • 一晚良好的睡眠可以讓你學習新運動技能的能力提高20%。
  • 優質睡眠可以讓你對複雜問題獲得新見解的能力提高50%。

The physical benefits

身體上的好處

  • 良好的睡眠促進皮膚更加健康,外貌更加年輕。
  • 睡眠會增加睾丸激素水準。
  • 睡眠會將胰島素分泌控制在最佳水準。
  • 睡眠可以促進健康的縱橫諜海(有助於預防癌症)。
  • 睡得好可以讓你在運動中表現得更好。

那麼,問題來了——到底要不要睡久一點?

專家是這樣解釋的——

The short answer is: it』s the quality of your sleep that matters, not the quantity. Poor quality sleep can make you fat, weak, and stupid.

簡單來說,答案就是:睡眠質量比起睡眠時長來說更要緊。糟糕的睡眠質量會讓你肥胖、虛弱,還會變蠢。

也就是說,如果能好好睡上5個小時,效果也是很好的!

那麼,應該怎樣提高睡眠質量呢?

下面5個小建議,或許能幫助你改善睡眠質量。

別太晚進食

Consuming a large meal before bed can lead to poor sleep and hormone disruption. However, certain meals and snacks a few hours before bed may help.

睡覺前吃一頓大餐會導致睡眠質量差和內分泌紊亂。然而,在睡前吃特定的食物和零食也許會對睡眠有幫助。

In one study, a high-carb meal eaten four hours before bed helped people fall asleep faster.

在一項研究中,睡前四小時吃的高碳水化合物餐可以幫助人們更快地入睡。

Interestingly, one study discovered that a low-carb diet also improved sleep, indicating that carbs are not always necessary — especially if you are used to a low-carb diet.

有趣的是,另一項研究發現低碳水化合物飲食也改善了睡眠,這表明碳水化合物並不總是必要的,特別是如果你習慣於低碳水化合物飲食的話。

睡前減少攝入液體

Nocturia is the medical term for excessive urination during the night. It affects sleep quality and daytime energy.

夜尿症是夜間過度排尿的醫學術語。 它會影響睡眠質量和日間能量。

Drinking large amounts of liquids before bed can lead to similar symptoms, though some people are more sensitive than others.

睡前飲用大量液體可導致類似癥狀,但有些人比其他人更敏感。

Although hydration is vital for your health, it is wise to reduce your fluid intake in the late evening.

雖然補水對健康至關重要,但明智的做法是在晚上減少你的液體攝入量。

Try not to drink any fluids 1–2 hours before going to bed. You should also use the bathroom right before going to bed, as this may decrease your chances of waking in the night.

盡量不要在睡前1-2小時喝任何液體。這樣會導致你在睡覺前去廁所,然後可能會降低你在夜間醒來的機會

減少不規律或長時間的白天小睡

While short power naps are beneficial, long or irregular napping during the day can negatively affect your sleep.Sleeping in the daytime can confuse your internal clock, meaning that you may struggle to sleep at night.

雖然短暫的小睡是有益的,但白天長時間或不規則的小睡可能會對睡眠產生負面影響。白天睡覺可能會混淆你的生物鐘,這意味著你可能很難在晚上睡覺。

In fact, in one study, participants ended up being sleepier during the day after taking daytime naps.Another study noted that while napping for 30 minutes or less can enhance daytime brain function, longer naps can negatively affect health and sleep quality.

事實上,在一項研究中,參與者在白天小睡後最終變得更加睏倦。另一項研究指出,雖然午睡30分鐘或更短時間可以在白天增強大腦功能,但更長時間的小睡會對健康和睡眠質量產生負面影響。

However, some studies demonstrate that those who are used to

taking regular daytime naps do not experience poor sleep quality or disrupted sleep at night.

然而,一些研究表明,習慣於日常小睡的人不會在晚上睡眠質量差或睡眠中斷。

If you take regular daytime naps and sleep well, you shouldn』t have to worry. The effects of napping depend on the individual.

如果你經常白天小睡並且睡得好,你不必擔心。午睡的效果取決於個人。

改善臥室環境

Many people believe that the bedroom environment and its setup are key factors in getting a good night"s sleep.These factors include temperature, noise, external lights and furniture arrangement.

許多人認為臥室環境及其布置是獲得良好睡眠的關鍵因素。這些因素包括溫度、噪音、外部燈光和傢具布置。

Numerous studies point out that external noise, often from traffic, can cause poor sleep and long-term health issues.

大量研究指出,通常來自交通的外部噪音會導致睡眠不佳和長期健康問題。

In one study on the bedroom environment of women, around 50% of participants noticed improved sleep quality when noise and light diminished.

在一項關於女性臥室環境的研究中,大約50%的參與者注意到,當噪音和光線減弱時睡眠質量得到改善。

To optimize your bedroom environment, try to minimize external noise, light and artificial lights from devices like alarm clocks. Make sure your bedroom is a quiet, relaxing, clean and enjoyable place.

為了優化臥室環境,盡量減少來自鬧鐘等設備的外部噪音、光線和人造光,以確保你的臥室是一個安靜,放鬆,乾淨和令人愉快的地方。

晚上別想太多,最好泡個澡

?

?Relaxation techniques before bed have been shown to improve sleep quality and are another common technique used to treat insom年.

睡前放鬆技術已被證明可以改善睡眠質量,是另一種治療失眠的常用技術。

Strategies include listening to relaxing music, reading a book, taking a hot bath, meditating and deep breathing.

策略包括聽輕鬆的音樂,讀書,洗熱水澡,冥想和深呼吸

A relaxing bath or shower is another popular way to sleep better. Alternatively, if you don"t want to take a full bath at night, simply bathing your feet in hot water can help you relax and improve sleep.

輕鬆的沐浴或淋浴是另一種流行的幫助睡眠的方式。或者,如果你不想在晚上洗個完整的澡,用熱水泡腳可以幫助你放鬆並改善睡眠。

怎麼樣?

今晚要不要早點放下手機,洗個熱水澡,睡個好覺呢?

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