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鎏金、包金、貼金、描金、灑金……你分得清嗎?

自古以來,黃金就是尊貴、珍稀的象徵。面對黃金,古人也發明了多種錦上添花的加工工藝,讓黃金變得更富審美與文化價值。今天就跟大家介紹一些黃金工藝,看你分得清嗎?

Since ancient times, gold has been a symbol of honor and rareness. In the face of gold, the ancients also invented a variety of icing on the cake to make gold more aesthetic and cultural value. I will introduce some gold crafts to you today. Can you tell me clearly?

【鎏金】

Sheet metal

鎏金工藝主要將金和水銀(汞)合成金汞漆,然後把金汞漆按圖案或要求滿谷塗抹在器物上,再進行烘烤,使汞蒸發掉,這樣金就牢固地附在器物的表面了,根據需要可以分幾次塗抹金汞漆,以增加鎏金的藝效果。器物上的鎏金很牢固,不易脫落。

The sheet metal process mainly combines gold and mercury (mercury) into a gold-mercury paint, and then applies the gold-mercury paint to the utensils according to the pattern or requirement, and then bakes it to evaporate the mercury, so that the gold is firmly attached to the utensil. The surface of the surface, as needed, can be applied to the gold mercury paint several times to increase the artistic effect of the sheet metal. The sheet metal on the object is very strong and not easy to fall off.

【鍍金】

Gold plating

目前大多數藝術品、珠寶首飾、高中裝飾和精密工件等採用鍍金。鍍金層具有防腐蝕、耐磨損和高溫的作用。同質材料鍍金是指對黃金首飾的表面進行鍍金處理,它的意義是提高首飾的光亮性及色澤。異質材料鍍金是指對非黃金材料的表面進行鍍金處理,如銀鍍金,銅鍍金。它的意義是欲以黃金的光澤替代材料的色澤,從而提高首飾的觀賞效果。

Most art, jewellery, high school decorations and precision workpieces are currently gold plated. The gold-plated layer has anti-corrosion, abrasion and high temperature effects. Gold plating of homogenous materials refers to the gold plating of the surface of gold jewelry, which means to improve the brightness and color of the jewelry. Gold plating of heterogeneous materials refers to gold plating of non-golden materials such as silver gold plating and copper gold plating. Its meaning is to replace the color of the material with the luster of gold, thereby improving the ornamental effect of the jewelry.

【貼金(金箔)】

Post gold(Gold foil)

貼金工藝歷史十分悠久,根據考古發現最早可追溯到五千年前,簡單來說這種工藝就是將黃金打造成薄如蟬翼的金箔,再將金箔貼在各種物體上。

The gold-plating process has a long history. According to archaeological discoveries, it can be traced back to 5,000 years ago. Simply put, this process is to make gold into a thin gold foil, and then attach the gold foil to various objects.

如《天工開物》記載貼金工藝雲:凡色至於金,為人間華美貴重,故人工成箔而後施之。

For example, "Tiangong Kaiwu" records the gold-plated craft cloud: where the color is as golden as gold, it is precious and precious for human beings, so it is artificially made into foil and then applied.

《天工開物》對貼金如此高的評價並非空穴來風,許多皇宮寺廟的雕梁、和內部其他結構都常常採用貼金工藝,使建築無比輝煌。

The evaluation of such a high rating on "Tiangong Kaiwu" is not unfounded. Many of the temple's carved beams and other internal structures often use gold-plated craftsmanship to make the building extremely brilliant.

【包金】

Gild

薄的包金用金箔,主要作豪華裝飾物和建築的裝飾,與貼金有些相似。厚的包金用金片,這種工藝往往用於大型金屬工藝品和一些首飾外部的製作。

The thin gold-plated gold foil is mainly used for decoration of luxury decorations and architecture, and is similar to gold. Thick gold-plated gold, this process is often used for the production of large metal crafts and some jewelry.

目前市場上有不少國外進口的包金首飾,這類首飾的外觀與黃金首飾毫無二致,金光燦爛,五彩繽紛,令人愛不釋手,可價格較低。

At present, there are many foreign-invested gold-plated jewellery on the market. The appearance of these jewellery is the same as that of gold jewellery. The golden brilliance is colorful and colorful, which makes it easy to put down the price.

【灑金】

Sprinkle gold

在宣紙製作工藝中,有在紙面上用膠粉施以細金銀粉或金銀箔,使之在彩碳粉蠟箋上呈金銀粉或金銀箔的光彩,稱“灑金銀五色蠟箋”。這種紙就被稱為“灑金箋” 。此外古代還有青銅灑金、瓷器灑金、料器灑金等等。

In the process of making rice paper, there are fine gold and silver powder or gold and silver foil on the paper surface to make it a brilliance of gold and silver powder or gold and silver foil on the color powder wax. Wax." This kind of paper is called "sprinkling gold". In addition, in ancient times, there were bronze sprinkling gold, porcelain sprinkling gold, and material sprinkling gold.

【描金】

outline in gold

描金是一種傳統的工藝,將金溶於汞和鹽類溶液中,再將汞和鹽類溶液加熱蒸發掉,然後就得到金粉,用這樣的金粉就可以描繪裝飾,甚至可以用來畫圖,抄經文等。

Gold is a traditional process in which gold is dissolved in mercury and salt solutions, and then the mercury and salt solutions are heated and evaporated, and then gold powder is obtained. With such gold powder, the decoration can be depicted and even used for drawing. Copy the scriptures, etc.

【K金】

K gold

K的講解方法是:純金為24K(100%純金量),1K的含金量約是4.166%。K金可以根據需要製成各種顏色,如黃金與銅等混合後是紅色,稱為紅K金,在國際上流行的K金首飾各種顏色較多,有橘紅色、香檳酒色、蘋果綠色、黃色、紅色、青綠色、乳白色、黑色等十幾種,統稱為彩色K金首飾。另外,還有K白金。黃金中混入25%以上的鈀或鎳,就是白色的金,主要成分還是黃金,而它的叫法就叫K白金。

K's explanation is: pure gold is 24K (100% pure gold), and 1K gold content is about 4.166%. K gold can be made into various colors according to needs. For example, gold and copper are mixed with red, which is called red K gold. The internationally popular K gold jewelry has various colors, including orange, champagne and apple green. There are dozens of yellow, red, turquoise, milky white, black, etc., collectively referred to as color K gold jewelry. In addition, there is K Platinum. More than 25% of palladium or nickel is mixed in gold, which is white gold. The main component is gold, and its name is called K platinum.

以上的工藝技術都是採用的黃金,以下幾種工藝名稱儘管都與“金”字有關,然而其使用材料卻不是黃金。

The above process technologies are all gold. Although the following process names are related to the word "gold", the materials used are not gold.

【燙金】

Hot stamping

一些硬皮圖書或獎狀為了美觀,印的字都是金光燦爛,這就是人們稱為的燙金。其實,燙金所用的材料是氧化鋁或銅粉,在高溫下用字模一壓就把字體牢固地燙在書皮上了,主要起到裝飾作用。

Some hard-skinned books or awards are beautiful, and the printed characters are golden, which is what people call bronzing. In fact, the material used for bronzing is alumina or copper powder. The font is firmly burned on the book cover at a high temperature with a word die, mainly for decorative purposes.

【稀金】

Rare gold

稀金首飾就是用稀金材料製作的首飾。稀金材料是一種以銅為主要原料、添加稀土及其它成分的新穎仿金材料,它具有耐磨性好,質地堅硬,色澤酷似黃金而不易褪色的特點。用稀金材料加工製成的首飾,色澤可呈現18K或20K金,不易氧化褪色,很適合日常配用。

Rough gold jewelry is a piece of jewelry made of thin gold materials. The thin gold material is a novel imitation gold material with copper as the main raw material and rare earth and other components. It has the characteristics of good wear resistance, hard texture and color similar to gold and not easy to fade. Jewelry made of thin gold material, the color can be 18K or 20K gold, not easy to oxidize and fade, it is suitable for daily use.

【亞金】

Yajin

目前,市場上出現一些黃色工藝首飾,價格比較低,銷售人員稱之為亞金首飾。其實亞金不是真正黃金,甚至根本不含黃金。只是亞金具有18K金的光澤和顏色,有的具備18K金耐腐蝕的特性和不易改變顏色。

At present, some yellow craft jewellery appears on the market, and the price is relatively low. The salesperson calls it Yajin Jewelry. In fact, Akin is not really gold, and even does not contain gold at all. Only the gold has a luster and color of 18K gold, and some have 18K gold corrosion resistance and are not easy to change color.

【晉金】

Jin Jin

這種金屬含有十餘種金屬元素,其加工性能、色澤與黃金非常相似,甚至抗氧化、耐磨、耐腐蝕等性能超過黃金。然而比重僅為黃金的 40% ,價格是黃金的 1/10 。晉金十分適合仿金首飾的製作。晉金在工業上廣泛採用,部分替代黃金材料。

This metal contains more than ten kinds of metal elements, its processing properties, color and gold are very similar, and even anti-oxidation, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties exceed gold. However, the proportion is only 40% of gold, and the price is 1/10 of gold. Jinjin is very suitable for the production of imitation gold jewelry. Jinjin is widely used in industry and partially replaces gold materials.

希望通過以上只是讓朋友們對金工藝有了一個初步的辨別,祝大家生活美好,金玉滿堂!

I hope that through the above, I will only let my friends have a preliminary identification of the gold craft. I wish you all a happy life, full of gold and jade!

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