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準初三必看!2020中考英語精華知識點全匯總

英語語法最最基礎的就是詞性了,因為後續的各種時態變化、從句很多的考點都是結合詞性才產生的,要想學好語法,那就一定要打牢詞性這個基礎!

一.英語語法重點與難點

1、 as…as…結構:你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。

You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.

2、 (1)too…to與 so…that sb. can’t…的句型轉換:前者為簡單句,主語只有一個,而後者為複合句,主語有兩個,試比較:

The man was too angry to be able to speak.

The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.

(2) too…to…與 not enough to句型的轉換:

He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

The book is too difficult for me to read.=

The book is not easy enough for me to read.

3、 形容詞原級表示比較級含義:

約翰不象邁克那麽苯。

John is not so stupid as Mike.

John is less stupid than Mike.

John is cleverer than Mike.

4、 用比較級表示最高級:約翰是班裡最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.

John is the tallest boy in the class.

5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:

The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.

The more food you eat, the fatter you are.

6、 more and more….表示“越來……越……”:

More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

二.中考考點—詞組

1. after, in 這兩個介詞都可以表示“……(時間)以後”的意思

after 以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間之後,常用於過去時態的句子中?

如:She went after three days. 她是三天以後走的

in 以現在為起點,表將來一段時間以後,常用於將來時態的句子中

如:She will go in three days. 她三天以後要走

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long指多長時間,主要用來對一段時間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問?如:How long ago was it? 這是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用來對頻率副詞或狀語(如once a week等)提問?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久來一次?每月一次。

how soon指再過多久,主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能趕來?

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“幾乎沒有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一點兒”

few 和 a few修飾可數名詞;little 和 a little 修飾不可數名詞

several用於修飾可數名詞,語意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好幾個”的意思

some可修飾可數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞,從數量上說,它有時相當於a few 或 a little,有時指更多一些的數量

4. the other, another

the other 指兩個人或事物中的“另一個”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我們站在街這邊,他們站在那邊

another著重於不定數目中的“另外一個”,表示泛指,所以常用來指至少三個中的一個?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已經拿了我的另外一本書

5. spend, take, cost, pay

spend的賓語通常是時間?金錢?在主動語態中,句子的主語必須是人,而且後面不能用動詞不定式做它的賓語?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整個晚上用來讀書

take常常用來指“花費”時間,句子的主語通常是表示事物的詞語?如:How long will this job take you?你做這項工作要花多長時間?

cost 指花費時間?金錢或力氣等,只能用表示事物的詞做主語,並且不能用於被動語態?如:How much does the jacket cost?這件夾克多少錢?

pay 主要指主語(某人)買某物(或為某事)付多少錢(給某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

6. among, between

between 的意思是“在……中間,在……之間”,一般指在兩者之間?如:There is a table between two windows. 在兩扇窗戶之間有一張桌子。between 有時也表示在多於兩個以上的事物之間,但那是指在每二者之間。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之間的關係(這裡是指每兩個省市之間的相互關係?)

7. beat, win

這兩個詞都有“獲勝,打敗”的意思,但其後賓語不同?beat是“打敗,優於”的意思,後面接人或隊?如:We beat them. 我們打敗了他們。

win指“贏,獲勝”,後面接比賽?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我們贏了這場比賽(獲得了第一名)。

8. agree with, agree on, agree to

agree on表示“就……取得一致意見”?如:We all agree on (making) an early start. 我們一致同意及早出發?

agree with表示“與……意見一致”,後面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱代詞,也可以跟表示意見。看法的名詞或what引導的從句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫無保留地同意你的意見。We agree with what you said just now.我們同意你剛才所說的意見。

agree to後面不能接人,只能接“提議,計劃,方案”等詞句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意擬議的條件。

9. bring, take, carry,fetch

這四個詞都是動詞,都含有“帶”或“拿”的意思,但使用的場合各不相同。

bring作“帶來,拿來”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品帶給我。

take是bring的對語,作“帶去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 請把盒子拿走。

carry表示“運載,攜帶”之意,運送的方式很多,可以用車、船,也可以用手甚至用頭。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 這輛巴士準載一百人。

fetch則表示“去拿來”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 請到那間房間去把文件拿來給我。

10. each, every

兩詞都是“每個”的意思,但著重點不同。each著重個別的情況,every著重全體,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她認識這個班裡的每一個學生。She knows every student of the class.她認識這個班所有的學生。

11. no one, none

no one指“沒有人(只能指人,不能用來指物)”,意思與nobody相同,作主語時不必跟of連用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest. 沒有人相信他,因為他不誠實。No one else but I went. 除我以外,誰也沒去。

none指“一個也沒有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主語時代替不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數形式;代替可數名詞,謂語動詞用單、複數都可以。但在“主+系+表”結構中,如果表語為複數,則系動詞要用複數形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我們誰也不怕困難。

12. go on doing, go on to do, go on with

這三個動詞短語都有“繼續做某事”的意思,其區別如下:go on doing表示“繼續做,一直在做某事(中間無間斷)”;go on to do表示“接著做某事”,即某事已做完,接著做另一件事;go on with也表示“繼續做某事”,其含義是某一動作一度中止後,又繼續下去。

13. too much, much too

二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too為副詞詞組,修飾形容詞?副詞,不可修飾動詞。如:It’s much too cold.氣象實在是太冷了。

too much作“太多”講,有以下三種用法?

(1)作名詞詞組 如:You have given us too much. 你給我們的太多了。

(2)作形容詞詞組修飾不可數名詞 如:Don’t drink too

much wine. 不要飲太多的酒

(3)作副詞詞組修飾不及物動詞 如:She talks too much. 她說話太多

14. happen, take place與occur

happen有“偶然”的意思,多用於客觀事物?情況的發生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎麽了?腫得好歷害!

occur 指有計劃地使某些事“發生”,有時強調“呈現”於人的知覺中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你難道沒想到就這事給他們打個電話?

事件作主語時,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天發生的。

take place 指事件發生,但常用來表示“舉行”的意思,帶有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.會議昨晚舉行。

15. in front of, in the front of

in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵樹。

in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某個空間範圍內的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室裡前部有一塊黑板

16. noise, voice, sound

這三個詞都作“聲音”解,在表示“聽到聲音”這個意思時,三者可以通用,但它們又各有特定的含義。

sound 作“聲音”解,含義最廣,指可以聽到的任何聲音,如:a weak sound 微弱的聲

noise作“噪音,嘈雜聲,吵鬧聲”解,指不悅耳,不和諧的聲音,它既可作可數名詞,也可作不可數名詞。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一種汙染是噪音。

voice 作“聲音”解時,多指人發出的聲音,包括說話聲、歌聲和笑聲。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高聲呼喊。有時也用於引申意義,作“意見、發言權”解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 對於這件事,我沒有發言權。

17. arrive, get, reach

三者均可表示“到達”,arrive後通常接介詞at(一般用於較小的地方)或 in(一般用於較大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我們晚了5分鐘到車站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他們將於下周星期一到達巴黎?

get之後通常接介詞to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我們到達公園時,就開始下雨了。

reach是及物動詞(較 get更正式),其後可直接跟地點名詞做賓語(不能用介詞)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。

三.情態動詞

1.考查情態動詞表示“推測”的用法

[考點快憶] 表示肯定推測的情態動詞有:must“一定;準是”,may“也許;可能”,might“或許”;表示否定推測的情態動詞有:can't“不可能”, couldn't“不會”,may not“也許不”,might not“或許不”;can表示推測時不用於肯定句,may表示推測時不用於疑問句。

2.考查情態動詞引起的一般疑問句的答語

[考點快憶] 回答must時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't或don't have to。回答need時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't。回答may時,肯定答語用may,否定答語用mustn't 或can't。

3.考查情態動詞的意義

[考點快憶] must “必須”;have to“不得不”;need “必須;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“將;會;願意;要”;should“應當”。

“had better (not) + 動詞原形”表示建議;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑問形式要借助於助動詞do / does / did。

四. There be 的句子結構

There be是一個“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數或複數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。

be動詞單複數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為複數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如:

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。

否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。

There is not any cat in the room. 房間裡沒貓。

There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。

(2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語

肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.

-Is there a dog in the picture?畫上有一隻狗嗎

-Yes, there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river?河裡有船嗎

-No, there aren't. 沒有。

(3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室裡有多少學生

-There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。

(4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

五. 中考對定語從句的考查:

1.定語從句的功用和結構

在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之後。引導定語從句的關聯詞有關係代詞和關係副詞。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

2.關係代詞和關係副詞的功用

關係代詞和關係副詞用來引導定於從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯繫起來。關係代詞和關係副詞又在定語從句中充當一個成分。關係待客做主語,賓語,定語,關係副詞可作狀語。

1. 作主語:關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數須和先行詞一致。例如:

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作賓語:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定語

關係代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如:

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作狀語

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三. 各個關係代詞和關係副詞的具體用法

1. who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語。例如:

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如:

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物,有時也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:

I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指時間,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地點,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 關係代詞 whom, which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放於先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關係緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置於定語從句的後面,如:

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:

(1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如:

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如:

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾的詞。例如:

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如:

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which,不用that 的情況:

(1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如:

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定語從句由介詞+關係代詞引導,先行詞是物時。例如:

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達肯定也要用到定語從句。

@新高一生:這裡有你需要的預習資料!

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