全球對話｜美國營養學會ASN主席Mary Ann Johnson教授專訪

VOICE OF NUTRITION

全球對話 · Vol. 6

ICNYSN Interview: Prof. Mary Ann Johnson, President of American Society for Nutrition (2018)

專訪嘉賓

Featured

Guest

Mary Ann Johnson 教授

Professor Johnson』s academic career at the University of Georgia focused on research and outreach in aging, nutrition and chronic disease self-management, as well as on training for students and health professionals in food and nutrition policies to ensure that communities and individuals of all ages have access to affordable, safe and wholesome foods. Now, as professor and chair of the department of nutrition and health sciences at the University of Nebraska Lincoln, Professor Johnson looks forward to helping the department create a vision and to mentoring faculty and staff at all career stages toward reaching their goals in research, teaching, outreach, and engagement.

瑪麗安-約翰遜教授

內布拉斯加大學林肯分校 營養與健康科學系主任

美國營養學會，主席（2018年）

約翰遜教授曾在喬治亞大學工作，其學術生涯專註於老齡化、營養和慢性病自我管理的研究和推廣。她同時致力於為學生和健康從業人員提供食品和營養政策方面的培訓，以確保所有年齡段的社區成員都能獲得負擔得起的安全和有益健康的食物。 目前，約翰遜教授擔任內布拉斯加州大學林肯分校的營養與健康科學系的教授和系主任，她期待為該部門勾畫願景並為在各個職業階段的教職工提供指導，幫助他們實現在研究、教學、拓展和參與等方面的目標。

▼ 採訪精彩摘要

Thank you for agreeing to this interview by ICNYSN. We know you are very busy, especially with this being your first conference as American Society for Nutrition (ASN) president as well as the first independent meeting of ASN outside of Experimental Biology (EB). Major congratulations on this very successful year as ASN president. In 2018 we have seen a lot of changes: a huge increase in attendance, a greater number of specialized seminars and sessions, new student competitions and just a whole bunch of other changes. With that being said, what are some other changes that occurred this year which ASN members should pay attention too?

非常感謝您接受營養青年會的採訪。我們知道您很忙，特別是這是您作為美國營養學會（ASN）主席，第一次負責組織這樣的年度會議，且今年是ASN脫離美國生物實驗學大會 （EB）之後第一次獨立辦會。我們首先對您以主席的身份為ASN過去一年的付出和所得到的成績表示祝賀。在2018年，我們已經看到了ASN的很多變化：比如會議出席人數大幅增加，專業研討會數量增加，也開始了一系列新的學生競賽等。除此之外，ASN還有哪些變化呢？

Mary Ann Johnson

教授

Thank you for your kind comments! The electronic posters are fairly new. We had those last year, but I believe we should promote and do more of those in the future. We also have ASN On-Demand which has been around for several years but needs to be promoted more. What ASN On-Demand is recordings of the major sessions at ASN, allowing you to download and review later. Now it"s highly unlikely we would record the 10 min oral sessions because most of it is unpublished data and we didn"t feel that was appropriate. Additionally, exactly what members would want to be included with ASN On-Demand needs to be discussed.

謝謝你們！電子海報是比較新穎的一個形式。我們去年就開始了一些嘗試，但我相信應該會在未來推廣更多這類新穎的宣傳形式。另外，ASN On-Demand已經面世好幾年了，但仍需要進一步推廣。ASN On-Demand記錄了ASN主要研討會的內容，可以讓會員在會議結束後下載查看。現在我們不會記錄10分鐘的口頭報告，這麼做是因為大多數是未發表的數據，我們認為記錄這些不合適。此外，我們需要更清晰地知道ASN成員們的需求是什麼，並把它們包括在ASN On-Demand中。

What kind of changes do you think will be in the future for ASN?

您認為ASN未來會發生什麼樣的變化？

I"m not too sure exactly what we are going to do new at the new meeting. But something we"re thinking about is if we need to have specialized meetings on popular topics like on the microbiome. The first thing that happened as I"m walking past the microbiome session was several people coming to me saying "We can"t get in". It was too popular! Since there"s a ton of interest in that area, should ASN be helping experts around the country have a one or two-day meeting on the microbiome, or should ASN sponsor a series of webinars that all members could archive and then be used as an educational package for people in the future. We are thinking about all these possibilities, asking ourselves "What can we provide to our members outside of the meeting throughout the entire year?" People need this information consistently and we are thinking of ways to make that possible.

我現在還不能確定我們之後會有哪些新的變化，但我們正在考慮比如是否需要就「微生物組」等熱門話題舉行專場會議。今年當我走過微生物組研討會門口的時候，有一些朋友就和我說裡面有太多人了，擠不進去啦。看樣子，這個話題是太受歡迎了！很多人都對這個領域感興趣，所以我們考慮ASN是否應該幫助全國專家就微生物這個話題進行為期一天或兩天的會議。或ASN是否可以贊助一系列網路研討會，以便讓所有成員存檔且用作教育目的。我們都在考慮這些項目的可能性，並不斷問自己：「除了ASN年會以外，我們還可以為會員提供什麼？」我們知道大家需要持續不斷地獲取新的信息，我們正在考慮如何實現這一目標。

I"ve watched some of the webinars that came out this year. Our previous ASN president, Marian L. Neuhouser, organized four webinars on the NIH nutrition roadmap, which I"m sure we can do statistics to measure the success of these webinars. There"s also been a statistical series in our journals, which we should use more often and intentional to provide educational content that is of a broad interest.

我已經看過一些今年發布的網路研討會。ASN前主席Marian L. Neuhouser教授組織了四次以「NIH營養路線圖」為主題的網路研討會，我相信我們可以通過數據來評估這些網路研討會是否成功。我們的期刊中也有一個統計系列；我們應該更頻繁地使用這些資源，並有意識地提供大家都關心的教育內容和服務。

Courtney, our Chief Executive, also said he"s ready to do a road trip to really get at the pulse of the diversity of nutrition programs that we have across the country. Because we focus on different things, we have different culture, different needs, different student bodies, and some programs aren"t well known, like my new friends at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. I think ASN needs to help these programs like Lincoln become better well-known, be it through advertisement or some other method. There are really great programs all over the country and we need to help to get their name out to students. Some students may not get into really well-known programs and may not understand there"s other great programs out there. So, communicating and advertising these great programs all over the country is something ASN needs to do.

我們的首席執行官Courtney也表示，他已準備好進行一次實地探訪，以真正了解全國各地不同院校的營養教育項目。因為不同的學校專註於不同的項目、有不同的文化、需求和學生團體，所以有些院校的營養項目可能並不為人所知。就像我加盟的內布拉斯加大學林肯分校就是一個例子。全國各地都有很棒的營養項目，我認為ASN可以通過廣告或者其他的一些辦法，讓更多人知曉它們，也讓學生們有更多選擇。有些學生可能不會進入知名院校，但可能也不知道還有其他一些很棒的院校可以申請。因此，在全國範圍內傳播和宣傳這些優秀的營養教育項目是ASN未來需要做的事情。

Now thinking about ASN and our organization ICNYSN, as we share a lot of the same goals, advancing nutrition research, policy making, and educating the next generation of nutritional scientist. For the ASN meeting this year (2018), we posted the main topics or seminars for each day at ASN with a brief description, the findings, and future directions. And we"ve gotten a ton of views within a short amount of time. So, we are really hoping our organization can initiate a partnership with ASN, to establish a collaboration, and expand our membership and the opportunities between our organizations. Do you have any thoughts or suggestions on how to accomplish that goal?

ASN和我們的學會ICNYSN營養青年會有很多同樣的目標，包括推進營養研究、制定政策和教育下一代營養科學家。對於今年（2018年）的ASN會議，我們在ICNYSN營養青年會的平台上發布了ASN會議的重要主題或研討會信息，其中包括一些研究的概要、結果和未來方向。這些信息在我們的平台上獲得了大量的關注。因此，我們真誠希望ICNYSN營養青年會能與ASN建立合作夥伴關係，互相擴大我們的會員群體、開發合作機會。您對如何實現這一目標有任何想法或建議嗎？

Wow, this is really impressive! This is really amazing. And ASN definitely wants to have partners all over the world but operationalizing that can be pretty challenging. I think you"ve done a fabulous job, so the organization is only two years old? Wow! What ASN really wants to do is help empower other people and other groups who are legitimate scientists, being the voice of evidence-based nutrition research and policy practices. So that"s really what we want. And I wonder, in the United States how people will get their nutritional information. I think we are going to have more general consumers questioning the information disseminated by the media and other sources. And I think ASN and organizations like yours can be a source of accredited nutritional information.

哇，這真是太棒了！ ASN十分希望擁有全球範圍的合作夥伴，但實施這一過程可能具有挑戰性。但我覺得ICNYSN營養青年會已經做得很棒，難以相信你們成立才兩年就有這麼好的成就。ASN真正想做的是幫助像營養科學家群體這一類的人，讓他們成為循證營養研究和政策實踐的代言人。這是我們真正想要的。在美國，我們經常會思考：人們是如何獲取營養信息的呢？我認為接下來將有更多人來質疑媒體和其他來源傳播的營養信息；我同時也認為像ASN和ICNYSN營養青年會這樣的的組織可以成為可靠的營養信息的來源。

We have a partnership with ANDP, Association of Nutrition Departments and Programs, which includes 2-3 programs in each of the 50 states. We probably have around 100-150 members. What I think you should do is write up a one page introduction to your organization, who you are, what goals you have, why you would like to be affiliated with ASN, and some of your accomplishments. And when we see how many members you have, maybe a link to your website, we can see where the synergy is between our organizations, what kind of partnership we can develop. I am not making this up, ASN totally understands that our future is our young scholars. People doing their graduate work and people early in their career, we really want to be their profession home.

我們與ANDP （Association of Nutrition Departments and Programs）建立了合作關係，在每個州有2-3個項目，共50個州，大約有100-150名成員。我認為ICNYSN營養青年會可以為組織寫一頁關於貴機構的介紹，包括你們是誰、你們有什麼目標、為什麼你們想與ASN合作，以及目前取得一些成就。當我們看到你們的會員數量、或者是您網站的鏈接時，我們可以看到我們之間的共同願景，我們可以從這裡開始建立合作夥伴關係。ASN完全理解未來屬於我們的年輕學者，我們真的想成為他們的職業之家。

Given your administrative and leadership experience, do you have any advice for our young organization as we take the next step?

鑒於您的行政領導經驗，您對我們這類年輕組織有什麼建議？

Yes. For your new organization and the young scholars that are the core of your membership, I would say keep your eye on research, the best research. Always be working towards of that goal. Being a producer or a consumer of the best research around the world. And be a voice for wherever you are. Figure out how to get your voice out there and go straight to the top. I know you"ve already interviewed Drs. Alice Lichtenstein and Walter Willett. That"s fabulous! Get the best voices to be on your side！ And then really make it apparent to potential members the benefit of membership in your organization.

對於年輕的組織，且以年輕學者為核心會員群體，我的建議是：關注研究，最好的研究，且始終致力於這一目標，成為世界上最好的研究的生產者或接受者。無論身在何處，都要有自己的聲音，讓自己的聲音擁有最強影響力。我知道你們已經採訪了Alice Lichtenstein和Walter Willett教授，這太棒了！讓最好的聲音和你們同行！然後真正讓潛在的會員明白成為你們中一員的價值。

Outside of research, we know you were heavily involved as a graduate coordinator at University of Georgia for many years. As a person who is still going to be involved in your new position at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln with graduate education, what are some of the key educational components, experiences, or focused areas required in graduate education for the next generation of nutritional scientist?

在研究之外，我們知道您參與喬治亞大學研究生項目的協調和管理已經多年。您即將啟程去往內布拉斯加大學林肯分校，並繼續致力於研究生教育。您認為培養下一代營養科學家的時候，需要關注哪些內容？

Thank you for asking that very important question. Just in the last few days, the ASN board of directors came up with our Vision 2028, basically what ASN should look like for our members in 10 years. One of the things that came up was establishing credential standards for people who get a doctorate, master"s, or undergraduate education in nutrition science. I don』t mean having a national exam or anything, but for example let"s revisit what we did 10-15 year ago and see how we can update our programs to better prepare future leaders of nutrition science. For example, there are different training and educational standards for students in different areas of nutrition like Registered Dietitians, but there are still key things they all need to know to be successful in nutrition science, and we currently do not have this standardized across the country. Not that I don"t like people doing their own thing and tailoring their programs to their students but doing so hurts us as a field because we"re not recognized as a credited, standardized field. So, the ASN board of directors gave approval that this idea of standardized education and accreditation could move forward to begin talking with members and receiving input from students. We can"t do everything but what do the members think is most important component moving forward. And that"s really interesting to me. There"s an excellent paper that came out 10 to 15 years ago from people like Patrick Stover and Sherry Donovan, former ASN presidents, that already very clearly laid out a lot of things that we can teach our students. The paper laid out all the different areas that they think a highly trained person in nutrition should know. We"ll need to think about that as we move forward.

感謝您提出這個非常重要的問題。就在幾天前，ASN董事會提出了我們2028年的願景：ASN在未來10年內會是什麼樣的？其中一件事就是為那些獲得營養科學博士、碩士或本科教育的人建立資質標準。我指的並不是注入標準化考試之類的事情，而是比如重新審視我們10到15年前所做的事情，看看我們如何改進我們的教育計劃，以更好地為未來的營養科學領導者助力。例如在不同的領域對學生有不同的要求和培訓標準，例如註冊營養師就有它一系列的培訓標準。但是要在營養科學領域獲得成功，還有其他重要的事情，但是我們國家目前還沒有頒布相應的標準。當然我並不是說我不支持每個學校為學生量身定製課程，但如果一直沒有標準，可能會傷害到我們整個營養領域，因為沒有統一標準我們將不被整個社會體系認定是一個有信譽的、標準化的領域。因此，ASN董事會提議通過與ASN會員的交流和聆聽學生們的意見，以推動標準化教育和認證的步伐。雖然我們不能一口氣乾完所有的工作，但我們在往會員們認為最重要的方向推進行業的發展。這對我來說真的很有意義。要知道在10到15年前，前任ASN主席Patrick Stover和 Sherry Donovan就已經非常明確地列出了很多我們應該教給學生的東西。他們的文章列出了他們認為訓練有素的營養從業人員應該具備的能力和知識。在我們前進的過程中，需要考慮這個問題。

The other thing I learned from graduate education is our field is so broad. Say someone has an interested in community nutrition because they simply want to help people get the food they need for daily living. You might ask, how much do they need to know about biochemistry and physiology? Well, it turns out that they actually need to know a lot. For example, we know from biochemistry and physiology that the older adults who are low income and/or have poor access to food have the same nutritional need or even a greater need for high quality foods, a balanced macronutrient profile, and greater access to fruits and vegetables. Don』t just serve what"s left over at the food bank. Sometimes people don"t really understand that until they have a foundation in biology, physiology, chemistry, and metabolism. Coming back to the person interested in community nutrition, I know they just want to help people eat better in a community setting, but there"s still this fundamental knowledge that they need to know. And then for our people who are more biochemically-oriented, people doing genetics, etc., how much do they need to know about clinical nutrition and community nutrition? I still feel they need to know something.

我從研究生教育中學到的另一件事是營養領域的廣闊性。假設有人因為想幫助他人獲得日常生活所需的食物，對社區營養感興趣，那麼他們需要了解多少有關生物化學和生理學的知識？事實證明他們需要了解的還挺多的。例如，我們從學習生物化學和生理學中了解到，低收入和 / 或食物供應不足的老年人具有和大部分人相同的營養需求，甚至需要更多高質量的食物和均衡的常量營養素攝入，和更多的水果蔬菜。要知道，僅僅給他們食物銀行裡剩下的食物是遠遠不夠的。除非人們真正理解生物學、生理學、化學和新陳代謝方面的基礎知識，否則很難理解其中的原因。回到對社區營養感興趣的人，我知道他們只是想幫助人們在社區環境中吃得更好，但他們仍然需要了解這些基本知識。同理，對於那些更注重生物化學、遺傳學等基礎科學的人，他們需要了解多少臨床營養和社區營養的知識呢？我仍然覺得他們需要懂一些。

In my own personal experience with public health and nutrition, not saying this is the whole field, but a lot of public health people are just running around telling people to eat more fruits or vegetables without addressing the science behind this recommendation. Saying it "Prevents cancer". Well, yeah sort of but that』s not the whole picture. If you address a problem or a situation from multiple angles, you can get a better assessment. If you don"t have the whole story then you can"t really solve the problem. That"s why being interdisciplinary and understanding multiple perspective is so important.

根據我個人在公共健康和營養方面的經驗，我觀察到很多公共衛生人員常常只是告訴人們吃更多的水果或蔬菜，而沒有深入解決這個建議背後的科學問題。比如，我們說它「預防癌症」，的確是，但要知道這並不是全部的原因。如果從多個角度解決這些，那麼對問題的理解會更加透徹。如果沒有這樣的全局觀念，那麼說實話，這類問題就得不到真正有效的解決。這就是為什麼跨學科和多重視角看問題是如此重要。

For next generation of nutrition scientist, as people do not know what will be doing in five years or 10 years, I think some good advice would be to get a lot of experience in multiple areas so that you can be a part of the conversation when discussing health related issues.

對於下一代營養科學家來說，由於人們通常不知道將在五年或十年內他們會做些什麼，我認為可行的建議是：爭取在多個領域獲得大量經驗。這樣在健康領域的各方面都更容易遊刃有餘。

「Voice of Nutrition」營養之聲｜

重磅專欄上線

「Voice of Nutrition」（中文：營養之聲；簡稱：VON），是「營養青年會」策劃已久重磅上線的系列專欄。VON旨在廣泛關注全球營養各細分領域，如科研、臨床、政府、教育、行業及國際上的最新進展、成就與挑戰，以促進不同細分領域內外的交流、互動、學習與合作。「營養之聲」包括6個子欄目，2018年全面上線：

《極養視界》將作為戰略合作夥伴

全程參與策劃、編輯

並作為支持媒體給予聯合跟蹤報導。

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